IDC is a building site that provides an operating environment for centralized placement of electronic information equipment. According to relevant data, the power consumption of IDC construction and operation in 2022 will reach 250 billion kilowatts.
It can be seen that the IDC energy consumption problem is more prominent in developed countries in Europe and the United States. The PUE (ratio of all energy consumed by the data center and the energy consumed by IT loads) of IDC is about 1.8, and some countries can even reach below 1.2. It can be seen that reducing the energy consumption of IDC construction and operation has become a the key tasks for the current development of the data center industry.
In order to improve the technical level of IDC design and construction, you can choose to apply the energy storage solution. On the one hand, it can improve IDC energy utilization and reduce construction and operation energy consumption; on the other hand, it can achieve demand control.
Overview of IDC construction and energy storage system applications
China’s IDC construction investment scale is growing steadily, with an annual growth rate of approximately 100 billion yuan. The investment direction mainly includes infrastructure construction such as servers and network equipment, and the improvement of network energy storage technology. With the development of the Internet of Things industry and cloud computing technology, the scale of IDC construction investment will further expand, and it will become a mainstream terminal mass data carrying and transmission entity.
Among the existing IDCs in China, IDCs in first-tier cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen account for about 50%. This is because there are more technical talents in financial institutions, Internet companies, and data centers in first-tier cities, and they have more requirements for IDC construction. IDC construction technology The level is higher. For a long time to come, first-tier cities will still be the main construction sites for IDC.
Although most IDCs are concentrated in first-tier cities, IDC resources in first-tier cities are still in short supply. In order to correctly guide the construction of IDCs, many first-tier cities have promulgated relevant development regulations and policies. For example, Beijing currently prohibits the construction and expansion of IDCs, and Shenzhen and Shanghai have increased their requirements for the power utilization efficiency of IDCs.
The purpose of IDC energy storage system
In recent years, energy storage systems have begun to be widely used in IDC construction and have demonstrated significant application advantages.
For example, in order to encourage balanced electricity consumption, a peak-valley electricity price difference policy has been formulated. Although this policy will not reduce the total amount of electricity used, it will reduce the total amount of electricity used if users consume more electricity during the off-peak periods and less electricity during the peak periods. Electricity bills can generate considerable energy storage income. Through energy storage systems and economical and reasonable peak shifting and valley filling schemes, the cost of electricity prices per KWH can be reduced by up to about 40%.
And the energy storage system can achieve demand-side response, that is, by providing financial incentives and electricity price adjustments and other measures to guide users to change the original electricity consumption pattern according to the system operation conditions, so as to achieve the goal of reducing or shifting the electricity load in a certain period of time, and achieve the goal of The effective response of the power supply system ultimately ensures the stability of the power grid ESS operation.
Analysis of common IDC energy storage system modes
Smooth new energy output
The energy storage system can be used as a main power supply to supply power to the IDC. Although it cannot reduce the PUE, it can achieve smooth new energy output, allowing the energy storage system to be used in conjunction with new energy, thereby effectively suppressing the fluctuations of new energy and as much as possible. IDC provides relatively stable power resources.
As IDC backup power supply
The energy storage system can be used as the backup power supply of IDC, so that part of the backup capacity can become the backup power supply of IDC, and can provide auxiliary services such as auxiliary frequency regulation and power market peak shaving. It can not only maintain the reliability of IDC power supply, but also provide services through the power market. Obtain part of the electricity income compensation. In some provinces, if the IDC can be transferred to the mains power supply mode within the specified time, it can completely replace the diesel generator backup power supply, which can save the construction cost of the IDC energy storage system and thereby improve the economic benefits of IDC construction.
Replacement of AC uninterruptible power supply
The energy storage system can replace the traditional AC uninterruptible power supply and improve the safety and stability of IDC power supply. This is because the current power grid operation is relatively stable, and the AC uninterruptible power supply is in emergency backup state in most cases, but it will produce 5% to 10% float loss, making the AC uninterruptible power supply unable to be fully utilized. In the energy storage system mode, if the accident power switching time can be controlled within 15ms, the quality of grid service can be further improved without affecting the uninterrupted power supply of the IDC.
Multi-site integrated application model
The multi-station integrated application model is the joint application of various energy storage systems such as energy stations, charging stations, and energy storage stations, and can simultaneously integrate multiple factors such as information, control systems, and equipment.
Analysis of IDC energy storage + backup system design examples
Design ideas
The design of IDC energy storage + backup power system needs to follow the following key points: Do not make too many changes to the original IDC computer room power distribution mechanism settings, and ensure that the location, cable distribution, space allocation and other elements of the original power distribution system are within the allowable range of IDC Within; for modular UPS (uninterruptible power supply, an uninterruptible power supply with an energy storage device) equipment for data collection, it can be set to the control logic mode of mains + battery combined power supply;
It is necessary to replace the original ordinary lead-acid batteries with lead-carbon batteries for energy storage; it is necessary to adjust the original 30-minute backup battery running time allocation, using 15 minutes as backup protection and the other 15 minutes as energy storage applications. Of course, the specific time allocation needs to be depends on actual situation;
It is necessary to conduct an energy storage performance test on the system, simulating peak-shifting energy storage for 8 hours of discharge, and then simulating a power outage. If the system can maintain full capacity discharge for 15 minutes, it can be confirmed that the energy storage and backup load are safe and the output voltage of the power monitoring module control system is ensured. It can realize battery charging and discharging control of energy storage batteries without requiring too much modification of the system;
When the battery is discharged at peak times, the IDC power supply device is in a partial sleep standby state. If a battery failure occurs at this time, it is necessary to ensure that the power supply device can seamlessly accept the full load current; it is necessary to set a safe cut-off voltage and a 50% safe cut-off capacity. , when the IDC power supply equipment reaches one of the set values, it will immediately stop discharging to achieve effective control of discharge safety. The remaining capacity can ensure the battery life cycle and serve as a charge backup in the event of an AC power outage;
It is necessary to perform pre-discharge calculations in the morning. Only after ensuring that the charging capacity is >100% of yesterday’s discharge capacity can the battery be discharged to avoid long-term battery loss and thus avoid the impact of the battery’s service life; it is necessary to implement IDC energy storage + backup power The flexible setting of the system ensures that the system can generate economic benefits as long as it passes the load, thus reducing the cost of IDC transformation.
Peak shaving and valley filling operation mechanism
The peak-shaving and valley-filling operation mechanism is the key design mechanism of the IDC energy storage + backup power system. It specifically includes the following two points: During the charging, discharging, and stationary processes, the batteries are all connected to the IDC energy storage + backup power system, and there will be no impact on the IDC energy storage + backup power system. Regardless of any changes in the physical structure of the original power supply mode, at the same time, it can always ensure that the backup power can supply lDC for 15 minutes of operation, which can fully ensure the safety of system power supply.
If the mains power supply is suddenly interrupted, all IDC load power will be supplied by the battery. At the same time, the diesel generator set can start automatically, and the conversion between the diesel generator and the mains power can be completed within 15 minutes, ensuring that the IDC system power supply will not be interrupted.
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